Saltasaurus - Facts and Figures

Name: Saltasaurus (Greek for Salta lizard); pronounced SALT-ah-SORE-usHabitat: Woodlands of South AmericaHistorical Period: Late Cretaceous (80 to 65 million years ago)Size and Weight: About 40 feet long and 10 tonsDiet: PlantsDistinguishing Characteristics: Relatively slim build; quadrupedal posture; short neck and legs; bony plates lining back About Saltasaurus As titanosaurs go, the South American Saltasaurus was the runt of the litter; this dinosaur only weighed about 10 tons soaking wet, compared to 50 or 100 tons for more famous titanosaur cousins like Bruhathkayosaurus or Argentinosaurus. The petite size of Saltasaurus demands a convincing explanation, given that this dinosaur dates from the late Cretaceous period, about 70 million years ago; by this time, most titanosaurs had evolved to the super-heavyweight class. The most likely theory is that Saltasaurus was restricted to a remote South American ecosystem, lacking abundant vegetation, and evolved down so as not to exhaust the resources of its habit. What set Saltasaurus and other titanosaurs apart from their sauropod ancestors was the bony armor lining their backs; in the case of Saltasaurus, this armor was so thick and knobby that paleontologists initially mistook this dinosaur (discovered in Argentina in 1975) for a specimen of Ankylosaurus. Clearly, newborn and juvenile titanosaurs attracted the notice of the numerous tyrannosaurs and raptors of the late Cretaceous period, and their backplates evolved as a nominal form of defense. (Not even the most overconfident Giganotosaurus would choose to target a full-grown titanosaur, which would have outweighed its antagonist three or four times over!)

The Effects Of Lateral Violence On The Nursing Field

Nursing is a career that offers many benefits, but with it comes numerous controversies. A major controversy that is evident today is lateral violence in the workplace. Norris (2010) describes lateral violence as, â€Å"the act of threatening, humiliating, or actually inflicting physical, mental or emotional harm on a peer or group† (p. 1). This topic has become critical in the nursing field because it impacts a very large demographic. Lateral violence affects nurses, patients, and the healthcare system as a whole and there are many techniques being put in place to try and prevent its existence. Targets of Lateral Violence Lateral violence in the nursing profession obviously affects the nurse or nurses being targeted greatly. It is thought that nurses display this violence because in their careers they feel as though they do not have enough power and seem to be near the bottom of the healthcare team hierarchy. As a result, one often sees nurses take this resentment out on one another (Roberts, 2015). When one’s perception is that he or she has little power what will his or her most likely reaction be? Blair (2013) states that a lot of nurses demonstrate lateral violence in some form as a means of feeling like they have obtained some power. Nurses should be taking what power they do have and using it in a positive manner rather than belittling colleagues. Nursing entails a lot of teamwork and interaction among each other and it would be a shame to allow lateral violenceShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Lateral Violence Within The Nursing Profession?1690 Words   |  7 Pagestypes of violence, many r esearchers have exposed violence in the healthcare setting. Also referred to as workplace bullying, lateral violence, is a specific type of workplace violence that is exceedingly present in the nursing profession. Lateral violence could be considered an antonym of the terms spoken of above as it discourages their existence among nurses and other health professionals. For this reason, it is important to bring to focus the issue of lateral violence within the nursing professionRead MoreHorizontal Violence And Its Effects On Nursing1656 Words   |  7 PagesHorizontal Violence: A Detriment to Nursing Typically, when someone thinks of a bully, childhood memories of scuffles on the playground come to mind. Bullies are not usually people that are associated with adult life. However, nursing has changed this stereotypical view. For many nurses, bullying may be as great a threat every day at work as it was when they were in grade school. This threat is because of what is termed as horizontal or lateral violence in the workplace, and it is a surprisinglyRead MoreThe Effects Of Lateral Violence On The Workplace1159 Words   |  5 Pageswithin many professions in today’s society. Often referred to as lateral violence, this occurrence is no exception in the nursing profession. It is also known as ‘horizontal violence’ or ‘workplace bullying (Coursey, Rodriguez, Dieckmann, Austin, 2013). In this evidenced-based paper, information will be provided in an effort to identify causes of lateral violence in the workplace and how to encourage civility. Lateral violence is defined as acts that occur between colleagues wherein, bullyingRead MoreLateral Violence in the Workplace1270 Words   |  6 PagesLateral violence in the workplace Lona A Smeltzer Southern New Hampshire University Lateral violence in the workplace Abstract This paper explores five published articles as they relate to the concept of Lateral violence (LV) within the nursing profession and how it directly affects the work environment. The concept of LV is also known as abusive behavior, horizontal violence, bullying, aggression, horizontal hostility, verbal abuse or â€Å"nurses eating their young†. There are fourRead MoreDifference Between Violence And Lateral Violence Essay905 Words   |  4 PagesCivility and Lateral Violence in Nursing Lateral violence is a devastating phenomenon in the nursing workplace. It is also known as ‘horizontal violence’ or ‘workplace bullying (Coursey, Rodriguez, Dieckmann, Austin, 2013). In this evidenced-based paper there will be information provided to figure out why there is lateral violence in the workplace and how to incorporate civility. Lateral violence refers to acts that occur between colleagues, where bullying is described as acts perpetrated byRead MoreCivility And Lateral Violence Within Nursing1068 Words   |  5 PagesCivility and Lateral Violence in Nursing Civility in the work place, or the lack thereof, has been identified as a growing problem within many professions in today’s society. Often referred to as lateral violence, this occurrence is no exception in the nursing profession. It is also known as ‘horizontal violence’ or ‘workplace bullying (Coursey, Rodriguez, Dieckmann, Austin, 2013). In this evidenced-based paper, information will be provided in an effort to identify causes of lateral violence in theRead MoreEssay Workplace Violence in Nursing890 Words   |  4 PagesWorkplace Violence in Nursing Professional Position Paper Nurses continually strive to bring holistic, efficient, and safe care to their patients. However, if the safety and well-being of the nurses are threatened or compromised, it is difficult for nurses to work effectively and efficiently. Therefore, the position of the American Nurses Association (ANA) advocate that every nursing professional have the right to work in a healthy work environment free of abusive behavior such as bullying,Read MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On Nursing1329 Words   |  6 Pages Effects and Management of Workplace Violence in Nursing Gurdeep Kaur, Virender Kaur, and Ana Tolentino Jimenez California State University, Bakersfield Effects and Management of Workplace Violence in Nursing Workplace violence occurs due to an interpersonal conflict between two or more people that results from differences in their needs, ideas, goals, interests, or values (Marquis and Huston, 2015). Workplace violence is not limited to physical violence; it also includes negativeRead MoreLateral Violence and Uncivil Behavior in a Nursing Home Essay1477 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Lateral violence in nursing is a topic that is beginning to attract a lot of attention. One study showed that the higher the incidence of workplace incivility, the lower the rate of productivity (Leiws, 2011, p. 44). Others have shown a correlation in the occurrence of lateral violence and decreased productivity and increased turnover, making this an important issue to address in the field of nursing (Ostrofsky, 2012, p. 20). Lateral Violence Experience My experience with nursing incivilityRead MoreHorizontal Violence And Its Effects On Nursing1942 Words   |  8 PagesHorizontal Violence: A Detriment to Nursing Typically, when someone thinks of a bully, childhood memories of scuffles on the playground come to mind. Bullies are not usually people that are associated with adult life. However, nursing has changed this stereotypical view. For many nurses, bullying may be as great a threat every day at work as it was when they were in grade school. This threat is because of what is termed as horizontal or lateral violence in the workplace, and it is a surprisingly

Urbanism Essay Example For Students

Urbanism Essay Pieces to the Puzzle: How the Castillo and Mother Church Work UrbanisticallyPieces to the Puzzle: How the Castillo and Mother Church Work UrbanisticallyThe role of the city is to be the center of economic, political, and cultural movement. Cities have a dense population compared to the area, so careful planning must go into its development. In the U.S. alone, 55% of the population lives in cities with more than 1,000,000 people, 78% in cities with more than 100,000, and less that 3% live in agricultural areas (Angotti, Tomas. 1993). Since it is so crucial for a city with countless numbers of inhabitants to work properly, there has to be certain building types to facilitate the lives of the people. One of the most important building types is the temple. Temples through out time usually work very similarly urbanistically in the sense that they are centers of religious practice and located in key areas. A temple is a symbol of the culture; it represents the peoples beliefs and how devot ed they are to them. Temples have usually been elaborate and large scale; examples of this include the Temple of Kukulkan in Chichen Itza, Mexico, and the Mother Church in Boston, Massachusetts. The Temple of Kukulkan and the Mother Church in Boston are strikingly similar in many ways, including architecturally and how they are used by the people of the city. Chichen Itza was once one of the most powerful kingdoms of pre-Columbian America. In the time between the end of the Classic and beginning of Post-Classic period of Mayan history, around 800c.e. to 1100c.e, it was an important city for local politics, religion, and trade and was crucial to the Mesoamerican social structure. Since this city was so constantly populated, it had to be intricately designed. In order for this complex city to work, careful planning and organization had to go into the urban development in order to make this culturally diverse society. The history of Chichen Itza is quite unique when compared to other M ayan cities. Its architectural influences come from two different sources. Chichen Itza began in the Middle to Late Classic period when some of its Puuc and early Maya structures were built. The Puuc architectural style came from the hilly region west of Chichen Itza, and consisted of buildings with different proportions and construction than the future buildings in the north of Chichen Itza. Puuc buildings have rubble-filled concrete walls faced by a thin veneer of dressed stone. The exterior walls have plain lower facades supporting upper facades decorated with religious masks and geometric designs. Constructed of individually carved pieces fitted together to form a design, Puuc sculpture resembles a mosaic. The low relief stone and wood sculptured door lintels and columns resemble human figures. While older structures of southern Chichen Itza were of Puuc influence, the later built buildings of the north were of Toltec planning. Toltec elements at Chichen Itza include stepped-pyr amid temples, long colonnades, atlantean figures used as structural supports, low detached platforms faced with carved panels, and doorways formed by twin descending feathered serpent columns. (Kowalski, Jeff Karl. 1999). The result of the Toltec influence from central Mexico created architectural hybrid, known as Toltec-Maya architecture, that gave Chichen Itza a very unique distinction from other Maya ruins. This architectural convergence was a result of a Toltec invasion of the Maya in the 9th century. The Toltec were violent warriors who came from the high lands of central Mexico and invaded the Yucatan peninsula. While the Toltec were a notoriously violent tribe, they conquered Chichen Itza, but did not kill the survivors of the siege. This led to a cultural combination with unique qualities in art, architecture, and religion. The Toltec brought with them agricultural and astronomical knowledge, ball courts, artistic and architectural influences, and the worship of their feathered-serpent god Kukulkan, which was known as Quetzalcoatl before the invasion. The cult of Kukulkan introduced human sacrifice to the Maya and their strong faith led to the massive temple of Kukulkan, also known as el Castillo, or the Castle. 1Chichen Itza is not a very large city compared to other capitals. With dimensions of 6.5 by 3.2 km, the area was used more as a sacred ground than as a commercial or residential area. Early settlers arrived to Chichen Itza probably attracted by the two dozen deep, natural wells called cenotes. One of these cenotes came to be known as the sacred cenote as sacrificial human remains as well as religious offerings have been found. The use of the sacred cenote was purely religious as water could be taken from any of the other cenotes in the area. The city itself was contained behind a high wall with an irregular polygonal shape with entrances at the four cardinal directions, north, south, east, and west. The buildings were widely spread along a consistent 17 east of north, common in many Mexican sites. The openness inside the city walls placed much emphasis on the connection between man and the sky, as opposed to the worshipping the earth as other religious complexes. A new concept in re ligion replaced the earth gods with celestial worship of the sun, moon, and stars; consequently buildings and courts are open to the heavens for more effective mass communication between the gods and men. (Weaver, Muriel Porter. 1981)The main temple of Chichen Itza is the Castillo, dedicated to the god Kukulkan. The temple is located in the center of a large clearing in northern, or Toltec, Chichen Itza. The pyramid was built on top of an older pyramid, very similar in design. It was built with nine stages and a single staircase, and has a profile resembling that of Puuc structures and a temple with twin chambers on top. The temple is decorated in relief with a procession of jaguars prowling beneath a row of shields. Inside the temple, two famous artifacts were discovered; one being the Red Throne Jaguar and the other a sacrificial Chac-Mool figure. The jaguar is carved out of stone with a flat back to serve as a seat or place of offerings, painted bright red with 73 jade disks maki ng a spotted pattern, jade eyes, and fangs made of sea shells and was probably the throne of the high priest. The Chac-Mool is found in many places in Chichen Itza, but it is not certain what their purpose was, though it is believed to be used as a place for sacrifices or offerings to the gods. The inner structure of the temple of Kukulkan was probably one of the earliest erected by the Toltec in the Yucatan Peninsula. It is an excellent example of the religious custom of superposing one monument above the previous one at the end of a cycle of 52 years. (Weaver, Muriel Porter. 1981) . 2A new temple was built right over the old one. This magnificent temple was built to show the adoration of Kukulkan and it showed off the religious and political power of Chichen Itza. It reached towards the sky, it was a landmark clearly visible from anywhere through the thick jungle of Yucatan. The new pyramids square base measure 55.5 meters on each side and rises 24 meters high. There are nine different levels each with sloping walls whose facades are decorated with a rectangle motif. Each side has massive adorned monumental stairs. The principal stairway facing the north is decorated with the feathered serpent god Kukulkan on each side of the stair with huge snake-heads reaching the ground. There are 91 steps on each stair, and the four stairs add up to 364 steps. Counting the step leading to the temple there are 365 steps, the same amount of days in a solar year. According to Arqueologia Mexicana, a Mexican archeology magazine, the problem when the number of steps caused such d ebate about counting the step to the temple as a calendrical symbol and in actuality some investigators have suggested that the coincidences are owed more to the hand of the restorer than the intention of the Maya builder. (Castillo, Agustin Pena. 1998)The entrance to the sanctuary faces north and has a portico divided into three doors by two columns carved to look like plumed snakes, the symbol of Kukulkan. The head served as the base, the body as the shaft, and the tail as the capital. Inside the temple there are corbelled vaults sculptured with richly dressed warrior figures. The portico gives access to a narrow gallery that surrounds the temple with doorways facing the other three stairways. The facade is adorned with a mask of the rain god Chac above the doorway and a plain frieze with square triglyphs and metopes. The architrave and cornice are both simple and geometrically decorative. (Castillo, Agustin Pena. 1998). Electronic Arts Strategic Management Essay6The construction of the Christian Science Center was part of Bostons urban renewal process. Massachusetts Avenue is a street situated in the heart of the city, and is an active commercial center. One would think it is impossible to have an open space on Mass. Ave, but The most monumental public space in Boston has been created in the Christian Science complex (Southworth, Michael and Susan. 1992). The complex has created an enormous open space right in the center of Boston, creating a pleasant scenario and making it more easy to admire the great buildings, in particularly the Mother Church. There are fountains and a beautiful reflection pool, which make the area cooler in the summer and more pleasant to the eye, as well as being used as a symbol of rejuvenation. It is definitely a refuge from the street, says architect Ann Beha, who was in charge of designing the Mary Baker Eddy Library for the Betterment of Humanity (Hildner, Jeffrey. 200 2). 7The Christian Science Center Plaza has many uses. The church is used for weekly services and it is open for visits every day. It also hosts the June Annual Meeting, where members from 134 countries come to the church to unite in prayer (Anonymous. Architecture- The Mother Church Extension). Other buildings of the complex are also important. There is a Mapparium where people can walk through observe a 3 story stained glass globe showing all of the countries of the world and how ideas have been spread. The Christian Science Center is a very important area of Boston. It is a religious sanctuary, a center of learning (religious, social, and geographical), and an open plaza for people to enjoy. There are many similarities in how the Castillo in Chichen Itza and The Mother Church in the Christian Science World Headquarters work urbanistically. They are both massive structures, built over pre-existent and small temples, designed to bring pride to the followers of that faith. They show the power of the religion and preserves its status in its magnificent architecture. They were also both set in an open area, to allow for mass gatherings and to show its true size without any obstructions. Mass pilgrimages to Chichen Itza took place to see the coming of Kukulkan, just as people all over the world come to the Mother Church in June for the annual meeting. They were both near trade sites, but yet totally isolated from the city. They were both part of a complex which spread truth and knowledge, with schools and observatories such as the Caracol and the Mapparium. They both used water as a sacred symbol, Chichen Itza having sacred cenotes, and the Christian Science Center with its lo ng reflecting pool and fountains. While these two temples are enormous and just as important as they are large, their use is optimized by the complex they are found in which allows them to be fully used by the city and surrounding area, and even the world. These two buildings were built in order to facilitate as well as enhance the visual surroundings and to show a sign of faith. They are pieces of the urbanistic puzzle that the city would be complete without. BibliographyAngotti, Tomas. Metropolis 2000. Routledge. New York, NY. 1993Anonymous. Architecture- The Mother Church Visitor Information Pamphlet. Anonymous, The First Church of Christ, Scientist. Visitor Information PamphletAnonymous. Architecture- The Mother Church Extension. Visitor Information PamphletCano, Olga. Guia de Viajeros: Chichen Itza, Yucatan. Arqueologia Mexicana Jan-Feb 2002: 80-87Castillo, Agustin Pena. El Castillo de Chichen Itza. Arqueologia Mexicana March-April 1998: 38-41Helefritz, Hans. Mexican Cities of the Gods. Frederick A Praeger, Publishers. New York, NY. 1968Hildner, Jeffrey. A Design Tradition of Simplicity and Excellence. Christian Science Journal Sept. 2002: 29-31Kowalski, Jeff Karl. Mesoamerican Architecture as a Cultural Symbol. Oxford University Press, inc. New York, NY. 1999Southworth, Michael and Susan. American Institute of Architecture Guide to Boston. The Globe Pequot Press. Guilford, CT. 1992Weaver, Muriel Porter. The Aztecs, Maya, and Their Predecessors. Academic Press, inc. New York, NY, 1981Williams, Peter W. Houses of God. University of Illinois Press. Chicago, IL. 1997Photographic Bi bliography1. http://americanindian.net/mayaa.html2. http://www.culturefocus.com/guatemala.htm3. http://www.diagnosis2012.co.uk/5.htm4. http://www.citybuzz.com/images/photo/text/BackBay/cscience1.htm5. http://www.citybuzz.com/images/photo/text/BackBay/cscience3.htm6. http://www.tfccs.com/gv/tmc/tours/TMC_tours.jhtml7. http://www.flatland.org/erewhon/travel/ us/ma/boston-jul-98.html

Travel Tech Security

Prevention and appropriate response strategies are some of the measures that can be taken to deal with loss of data or electronic devices. However, there are other tools and safety mechanisms that can be applied. It is important to be aware of some of the dangers that people are exposed to when they travel and how they can avoid losing data and devices. Some of these risks have been brought about by the rapid technological developments. It is easy for travelers to lose their electronic devices lost or even having them stolen while they travel.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Travel Tech Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Theft cases of traveller’s luggages at the airports have increased in the recent past. Other portable devices such as laptops, phones, cameras and tablets have also been targeted by thieves. Their small size makes it easy for thieves to pick them either from bags or the owners. In a ddition, they return quick money for thieves and store sensitive and confidential information. For example, it is likely for smartphones to contain apps like notes or email apps that carry information about passwords and other services or log-in data. If thieves gain access to such information and a credit card, then they can steal money from the account of the victim. They can also use the information to steal one’s identity. It would be unbelievable for individuals to travel to a different country without information that they cannot enter into the country because their identity has been stolen. It is surprising that the identity of an individual can be stolen so easily by people with bad intentions. The procedure is not necessarily stealing information from the electronic devices. They could be cases of fake booking sites, keystroke readers in cyber cafes and risky WI-FI. Thieves can access private and confidential details in different ways. Individuals should not be afrai d of hardcore criminals only in terms of data security. They should also be careful enough to identify suspicious individuals who might gain access to their private information. Sensitive information should always be kept private (Mickaiel 4). Loss of data and communication devices is an important concern in Information Systems Profession. This is because the profession focuses on electronic data storage and transfer. Data security therefore becomes an important concern. With the advent of technology, methods of data storage have changed significantly. This implies that professionals in the field of Information Systems must look for ways of preventing loss of data and portable electronic devices. In addition, they should come up with ways of recovering data in case of loss. One of the most effective ways of ensuring that data loss does not lead to adverse effects is to have data back ups. When travelers carry files with sensitive information as they travel, they should create back u ps of the same files and store them in different places. In case of loss or theft, the back ups can be used to retrieve crucial information.Advertising Looking for essay on aviation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, cloud data services may be of great use to travelers. Different companies offer free services such as Dropbox and Google Drive among others that can benefit travelers (Newman 3). Although cloud service may not be the most appropriate method of storing confidential information, it is convenient when storing documents used frequently. They are also not restricted in terms of access and can be accessed from different places via the internet. Travel tech security is important in Information Systems Profession because data security is paramount in the profession. Works Cited Mickaiel, Irene. 2012. Travel tech security tips. 2012. Web. Newman, Jared. 2012. Microsoft to build its own Windows Phone, reports say . 2012. Web. https://www.pcworld.com/article/2010995/microsoft-to-build-its-own-windows-phone-reports.html. This essay on Travel Tech Security was written and submitted by user Mohamed Noble to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.